Khartoum Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

Evaluation of Common Side Effects of Chemotherapy among Cancer Patients in Khartoum Oncology Hospital Ward, 2019

2021-08-11T12:09:31+00:00

The treatment of cancer with most anticancer drugs is complicated by the risk of numerous
severe toxicities,many of which are life-threatening.The toxicities related to anticancer therapies
are the most important factors restricting the use of potentially curative doses.This study aimed
to assess the most common chemotherapy side effects developed and their treatment in the
Khartoum oncology hospital emergency ward. This study was conducted at the Khartoum
oncology hospital's emergency ward from March to May 2019.The data were collected from the
medical records and individual interviews with the patients using a structured data collection
sheet. Total of 100 patients were involved in this study, the most common side effects were
nausea and vomiting (40%), abdominal pain (29%) of patients, diarrhea (19%), hypotension, fever,
body pain, each experienced by (10%) of patients. Febrile neutropenia and dehydration,
experienced by (9%) each. Moreover, the most common management of side effects was IV
hydration used among 87% of patients, acid suppressants, and antiemetics used among 45% and
39% of patients,respectively.Antibiotics were used for 30% of patients; corticosteroids were used
among 29% of patients.Antispasmodic were used among 27%, and analgesia used for 26 %.The
association between the number of chemotherapeutic agents and side effects was signifcant
(P=0.023).The study revealed that the most common side effects of chemotherapy were nausea
and vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.The management mainly by intravenous hydration,
antiemetic, acid suppressants, and antibiotics.

Retrospective Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Basiliximab and Antithymocyte Globulin in Kidney Transplant Recipients

2021-08-11T11:16:24+00:00

Background: Induction therapy with biological agents as anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) or an interleukin 2 receptor antagonist (IL2-RA) is essential to reduce the risk of acute rejection.
Though ATG is used selectively in patients with high immunological risk, the decision for induction treatment stays a matter of discussion in a patient with high immunological risk.
Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of Basiliximab versus Antithymocyte Globulin (ATG) in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs).
Methodology:A retrospective study was conducted at Ahmed Gasim Hospital, Cardiac Surgery and Renal Transplantation center. Data was collected from all renal transplant recipients with intermediate immunological risk from January 2017 to August 2018. Data included the patient's demographics, efficacy, and frequency of adverse effects.
Results: Out of 75 patients, 44 (58.7%) patients were treated with ATG, and 31(41.3%) with Basiliximab. Patient survival at one year was 97.7 % in the ATG treated group and 100 % in the Basiliximab treated group.While graft survival was similar in both groups (100%), and there was no delayed graft function in both groups, the incidence of acute rejection was 6.8 % and 6.5 % in the ATG and the Basiliximab treated group respectively. Infections were more prevalent in the ATG treated group 22.7% compared to 9.7% in Basiliximab treated group. Moreover, the rate of
hematological disorders was significantly higher in ATG treated group (61.4%) in comparison to Basiliximab treated group (29%)
Conclusion: Both,ATG and Basiliximab induction therapy decreased acute rejection rates and they were associated with excellent one-year graft and patient survival rates. Basiliximab was effective as ATG in intermediate immunological risk patients with lower infections and hematological disorders rates and lower mortality rates.

Pulicaria crispa (Forssk) Oliv: A Review of Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry and Biological Activities

2021-08-11T12:47:45+00:00

Since early history, medicinal and aromatic plants had extensively been used in treatment of
various diseases. Now days, the high evolution and development in phytochemical technology
cause the phytotherapy as a science to be dramatically noticed. It exploited the rich information
available in traditional medicines and then translated it into proved scientifcal discipline.
Pulicaria crispa (Forssk) Oliv is one of medicinal and aromatic plant which is widely distributed
around the world, especially in arid and sub- tropical regions.This review is an attempt to collect
some information about this valuable plant, which is still widely used traditionally in treatment of
many diseases. In this review, we tried to mention all of the proved scientifc information
according to pharmacognostical point of view, which consists of taxonomical classifcation,
botanical description, traditional uses, phytochemical constituents, pharmacological and phytotherapeutic uses.

In-vitro Anticancer and Cytotoxic Activity of Ginger Extract on Human Breast Cell Lines

2021-08-11T08:04:21+00:00

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer related mortality in women. Breast cancer is highly
metastatic and can spread to various parts of the body.Ginger,the rhizome of Zingiber officinale,
one of the most widely used species of the ginger family, is a common condiment for various
foods and beverages. Ginger has a long history of medicinal use. The aim of this study was to
evaluate the effect of in vitro anticancer and cytotoxic activity of ginger ethalonic extract against
breast cancer cell lines using MTT assay method. Results revealed that ginger extract possesses
dose dependent cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cell lines.Whereas, IC50 values for 48hours of
treatment found to be 9.68 mg/l, 2.47 mg/l and 12.81 mg/l on MCF-7,MDA-MB-231 breast cancer
cell lines and non-tumorigenic, normal breast epithelial MCF-10A cell line, respectively with
relatively high selectivity ( SI= 5.1) against MDA-MB231. It could be concluded and recommended
that ginger exhibits anticancer activity on breast cancer cell lines, hence ginger can be further
evaluated for potential promising anticancer activity.

Early Stage Clinical Trial of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) as an Add-on Antiepileptic Therapy in Children with Generalized Epilepsies

2021-08-11T07:54:45+00:00

Epilepsy is a disorder of the brain characterized by the generation of epileptic seizures. Botanicals and herbal materials including some parts from plants are prepared and taken in many ways for treatment of children ill with epilepsy. Conventional

Fit-in ice condenser: Microwave Assisted Organic Synthesis- Domestic Approach

2021-08-11T07:42:35+00:00

The main reason that organic research is lacking in developing countries like Sudan is the time-
consuming nature of this type of research. Microwave induced organic synthesis overcomes that
obstacle. Due to the a lack of special microwave reactors, special fit-in ice condenser for use with
domestic microwave oven (DMO) was developed in this study. The esterification reaction
(Diclofenac, Indomethacin, Ibuprofen methyl esters, and acetylsalicylic acid) was selected for
assessment of the utility of the device.Time was reduced from the hours scale into minutes,
accompanied by a reasonable increase in % yield. DMO synthesis of Diclofenac, Indomethacin,
Ibuprofen methyl esters and acetylsalicylic acid was carried in 4, 8, 7.5 , and 2 min respectively.
Compared with 6 h to overnight wait by the conventional method.