http://onlinejournals.uofk.edu/index.php/sgj/issue/feed 2022-10-11T10:31:59+00:00 D.El-Sayed El-Bushra sgj@uofk.edu Open Journal Systems <p>Published by the Faculty of Geographical and Environmental Sciences, University of Khartoum.</p> http://onlinejournals.uofk.edu/index.php/sgj/article/view/8 2021-08-02T09:36:24+00:00 عائشة علي محمد العريشي ojs@uofk.edu خالدة احمد محمد عثمان ojs@uofk.edu

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2021-08-25T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2021 Sudan Geographical Journal http://onlinejournals.uofk.edu/index.php/sgj/article/view/9 2021-08-02T10:28:09+00:00 Abbas Shasha Musa ojs@uofk.edu Zeremariam Fre ojs@uofk.edu

<p>The Scarcity of fresh water worldwide makes the issue of sharing water a highly sensitive one.<br>In case of international rivers which are shared by millions of people all over the world, the problem of<br>sharing water becomes even more contentious as life and development are highly centered around this<br>important resource. The closing part of the 20th century has already witnessed the first sings of the<br>conflicts over waters of international rivers. Many observers believe that conflicts and wars over water<br>will become widespread during the 21st century. This is so because pressure on fresh water resources will<br>be brought to bear by rapid population increase, over-utilization of the resource, and mismanagement.<br>International rivers on which depend the lives of millions of people carry only a very small fraction of<br>liquid fresh water. Competition among states over the limited volume of river water becomes acute,<br>particularly in arid regions like the Middle East. In a politically unstable region such as the Middle East<br>the question of water shortages, resulting from unfair sharing, will be highly politicized. States which are<br>taking more than their share of water will create an explosive situation and increase the possibility of war<br>among sharing countries. So as to avoid the terrible consequences of war over the water issue, the authors<br>have been able to develop the proposed model for understanding that this model which is based primarily<br>on the Helsinki rules of 1967 will be acceptable to all sharing states, since it includes wide-ranging<br>physical and socio-economic factors. In a sense, the model is to be considered as a natural and fair<br>method for the distribution of common waters among sharing countries.</p>

2021-08-25T00:00:00+00:00 Copyright (c) 2021 Sudan Geographical Journal