Mycotoxins produced by Fusarium spp. isolated from Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. in Sudan

Abstract

isolates of F. solani and one isolate of each of F. oxysporum, F. nygamai, F. equiseti, and F.
compactum were fully toxicologically characterized. These Fusaria were isolated from naturally
infected Striga hermonthica plants collected from sorghum cultivations in central (Gezira), eastern
(Gadarif), and southeastern Sudan (Damazin). HPLC/MS or HPLC/DAD system was used for the
toxicological characterization of Fusarium spp. using nivalenol, deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyl
deoxynivalenol, 15-Acetyl deoxynivalenol, fusarenon X, T2-toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol,
zearalenone, fumonisin B (B1 and B2), enniatin B, B1 and A and fusaric acid as toxin standards.
The three isolates of F. solani produced none of the above toxins. Fusarium oxysporum and F.
nygamai produced fusaric acid. Fusarium nygamai also produced fumonisns B1, B2, and B3.
Fusarium equiseti produced nivalenol, fusarenon X, and diacetoxyscirpenol. Fusarium compactum
produced nivalenol. This is the first report of nivalenol production by a strain of F. compactum. Non
toxin-production by the three isolates of F. solani and production of only fusaric acid by F.
oxysporum make them toxicologically safe for further evaluations as biocontrol agents for the
witchweed.