موقع الخندق الاثري و الكوارث البشرية والطبيعية

الملخص

This study aimed to reveal the role of human and natural disasters on the archaeological site of Al-Khandaq,
especially during the war that broke out in April 2023. Al-Khandaq is one of the most important historical and
traditional architectural sites in Sudan, and has been listed on the World Heritage Tentative List, thanks to its
embodiment of three criteria of Outstanding Universal Value (OUV). Since the beginning of the war, the site has
been exposed to many human and natural hazards. Due to the war, many residents of Khartoum were displaced
to the Al-Khandaq, which led to many human impacts on the site. On the other hand, the site, especially the mud
buildings, were exposed to many natural hazards due to climate change, especially rains, which led to the
collapse of many of them.