البيئية والتطور الثقافي: المقاربات التاريخية والتداخلات النظرية والتطبيقية في تفسير السجل الأثري في السودان

Abstract

Archaeology is concerned with the development of the past of the human`s culture and its change across time, and the human's culture is deeply cumulative; its early origins began within the natural environment, and then the human gradually established his special environments. On the other hand, the explanation in archaeology depends on a group of applied and human sciences that adapted it according to the specific theoretical approaches. By using the historical method, description, and analysis, this article tries to enrich the Arabic archaeological library by reviewing how the explanations in archaeology integrate with some of the environmental sciences and assessing the relationship between the natural environment and the cultural development according to some examples of civilizational entities from the Middle Nile area. The article concluded that this area represents a unique example for the dynamic relationship between the environment, the human, and cultural development. It also concluded that the mutual influence represents the greater feature, in addition to the environmental diversity enriched the adaptation relationship between the human groups and their natural environment. The article recommends supporting more future research that investigates the issue of the environment of ancient Middle Nile civilizations and their impact on the cultural development.