Comparison between a Tesla Model 3 electric vehicle and a Toyota Camrey conventional internal combustion engine vehicle

Abstract

The accelerating shift toward sustainable transportation has intensified the debate over whether electric vehicles (EVs) can effectively replace conventional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. In this study a comprehensive comparative analysis between a Tesla Model 3 electric vehicle (EV) and a Toyota Camry XSE V6 conventional (ConICE) car was conducted. The analysis was performed by evaluating the economical, operational, and environmental impact incurred by each vehicle on the owners, ecosystem and the society. The study quantitatively evaluates cost, emissions, performance, and infrastructure requirements over a 10-year period.  Key findings revealed that while the Tesla Model 3 has a slightly higher initial cost over that of the Toyota Camry XSE V6), but it offers substantial long-term savings. Over a life cycle of ten years period, Tesla EV consumes around $7,740 in electricity compared to around $20,905 consumed in fuel by the Toyota Camry XSE V6 and requires ~$3,000 in maintenance versus ~$8,000 for the Toyota Camry XSE V6. Emission analysis shows that the Tesla emits ~8.1 tons of CO_2e over its life cycle, compared to ~32.3 tons of CO_2e emitted by the Toyota Camry representing ~75% reduction. Performance-wise, both vehicles are similar in acceleration (0–100 km/h in approximately 5.7 seconds but differ in range (430 km for the Tesla vs. 921 km) and refuelling speed (30–40 minutes vs. 6 minutes).  These results suggest that EVs, despite infrastructural and battery-related challenges, are significantly more cost-effective and environmentally friendly in the long term. Electric vehicles adoption could significantly reduce gas emissions, enhance energy security and global automotive markets. However, EV adoption will require strategic investments in adequate charging infrastructure, battery recycling, and supportive laws and policies to ensure an equitable and sustainable transition.