The Role of non-surgical options in the treatment of renal cancer

Abstract

Renal cancer accounts for almost 2--3% of all cancers in adults, male female ratio is 3:2, and in 4% of
the cases the disease is bilateral. (1, 2). Adencarcinomas form 80 - 90% of all primary renal cancers, which
arise from the renal cortex. The second cancer is transitional cell cancer arising from the renal pelvis. Other
rare renal cancers include: oncocytomas, sarcomas and medullary cancers. It’s more prevalent in the 6 – 8th
decades of age, (3, and 4)
Despite improvement in diagnosis, 20 –30% of patients present with metastatic disease and another 20 %
of patients undergoing nephrectomy will later develop metastases. The etiology of RCC is unknown but
obesity and smoking are risk factors .The highest incidence was reported from Europe, North America and
Australia, while rates are low in Africa, India and Japan. In Sudan it forms about 1.5 % of all cancers in
adults. (3, 4).