Review: IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-10 responses in children infected with malaria parasite

Abstract

Immunity against malaria requires early production of IFN-γ and TNF-α while excessive uncontrolled production leads to malaria complications. Severe malaria is an end result of interactions of many factors which determine the immune responses. Genetic profile, repeated infections, parasite influences and the general health are known contributors. Involvement of multiple cell types and multiple cytokines complicate the picture further. In this review the roles of cytokines IL-10, IFN-γ and TNF-α in the pathogenesis of severe malaria in children are discussed. Since severe malarial anemia and cerebral malaria represent the vast majority of the morbidity and mortality cases, the review is focused on cytokines responses and pathogenesis of these two malaria complications. Special emphasis is given to factors reported to affect the cytokines levels in children with malaria.