هندسة الاختبارات اللغوية من معايير الصدق والثبات إلى تحديات التطبيق (دراسة تحليلية في ضوء بطاقة تحليل)

Abstract

This study aims to provide a practical framework for language test engineering and the development of test construction standards, emphasizing psycho-social individual differences and determining learners' language needs to achieve measurement fairness. Additionally, it aims to identify the criteria for an effective test, classify various types of language tests, and compare their advantages and disadvantages. To achieve these objectives, the study adopted a descriptive-analytical aroach, suorted by an "analysiscard" as a primary tool to deconstruct and examine a sample of language tests and evaluate their items.The findings revealed that the examined test is valid for use as an achievement test for the target group (intermediate level); however, it lacks sufficient standardization. Furthermore, the test demonstrates established content and face validity, covering reading, grammar, vocabulary, and writing. The study also concluded that an effective language test is an integral part of a comprehensive assessment system, and its success relies heavily on its integration with accurate diagnosis and constructive feedback. Moreover, considering individual (psycho-social) differences during needs assessment directly enhances the accuracy and objectivity of test results.In light of these findings, the study recommends subjecting language test items to standardized analysis cards to ensure validity and reliability. It also highlights the necessity of training teachers and test designers in "test engineering" skills and the alication of scientific validity and reliability standards, as well as diversifying the use of language test types (achievement, proficiency, diagnostic) to cover all aspects of the educational process.