الجذور السوسيو-اقتصادية للصراع في السودان: مراجعة تحليلية نقدية للأدبيات المعاصرة 2020م - 2025م

Abstract

The Socioeconomic Roots of Conflict in Sudan: A Critical Analytical Review of Contemporary Literature (2020–2025). This study aims to deconstruct the structural socioeconomic roots underlying the persistence of conflict in Sudan and its escalation in April 2023, It employs an integrative critical literature review analyzing a purposive sample of (12) contemporary academic studies published between 2020 and 2025. The methodology relies on a systematic search across academic databases, applying rigorousinclusion/exclusion criteria and a qualitative thematic synthesis framework. The findings reveal that the current conflict is the outcome of a dynamic interplay among three structural axes: (1) the failure to establish an inclusive social contract based on equal citizenship, resulting in the politicization of ethnicity; (2) intense competition over high value natural resources (gold, oil, and land), which generated a self-sustaining war economy; and (3) chronic uneven development between the center and peripheries. The added value of this study lies in proposing a synthesized analytical model that integrates economic and sociological variables. The study recommends transitioning from top-down political deals to structural reform, re-establishing the social contract, and subjecting state resources to transparent civilian oversight.