ستيف بانتو بيكو وفلسفة الوعي الأسود: قراءة تاريخية في خطابه وتأثيره )1968–1994

Abstract

_{This research offers a historical–analytical reading of the philosophy of Black Consciousness as articulated by Steve Bantu Biko between 1968 and 1977, and traces its impact on the reconstruction of national discourse and intellectual resistance to the apartheid system up to 1994. The analysis proceeds from the premise that Biko moved beyond the role of a student activist to emerge as a thinker who redefined liberation on the basis of consciousness and dignity, locating the deepest arena of struggle within the human subject before its manifestation in the political sphere. The study adopts a historical–discursive approach, drawing on original sources such as the South African Students’ Organization policy statements, Frank Talk writings, Biko’s courtroom testimonies, and the reports of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, in order to reread his discourse within its intellectual, political, and ethical contexts. The findings demonstrate that Biko’s thought produced a cognitive shift that redirected resistance from the pursuit of legal rights}